Why Do Hydraulic Breakers Need Nitrogen Charging?

When charging a hydraulic breaker, the primary purpose is to fill the accumulator (commonly known as the nitrogen tank) with nitrogen. Nitrogen plays a crucial role in the operation of hydraulic breakers, with specific reasons as follows:

1. Working Principle

The working principle of a hydraulic breaker involves the combination of hydraulic oil inlet kinetic energy and accumulator kinetic energy. During the breaker's impact, the hydraulic oil inlet kinetic energy and the nitrogen kinetic energy in the accumulator jointly push the cylinder rod upward to compress the nitrogen chamber. When the cylinder rod reaches the highest point, the directional valve switches direction. At this time, the hydraulic oil inlet kinetic energy and the nitrogen compression kinetic energy together push the cylinder rod to move downward rapidly, striking the chisel to complete the crushing work.

2. Functions of Nitrogen

• Amplify impact energy: The accumulator is filled with nitrogen, which can store the residual energy from the previous impact of the hydraulic breaker and the recoil energy of the piston. During the second impact, this energy is released simultaneously, thereby increasing the impact force. In short, nitrogen serves to amplify the impact energy.

• Enhance crushing efficiency: Sufficient nitrogen ensures the hydraulic breaker has enough energy during impact to achieve the expected crushing effect. Insufficient nitrogen will weaken the breaker's impact force, potentially leading to poor crushing results.

  
  

3. Control of Nitrogen Charge

The amount of nitrogen directly determines the performance of the hydraulic breaker. Typically, the nitrogen pressure in the accumulator should be controlled at approximately 1.4~1.6 MPa (equivalent to about 14~16 kg/cm²). This pressure range is determined by comprehensively considering factors such as the breaker's specifications, model, and external climatic conditions. Excessive nitrogen charging may temporarily increase impact force but will cause damage to internal components or prevent the hydraulic oil from working normally due to excessive pressure. Insufficient nitrogen charging will result in the accumulator pressure failing to meet requirements, similarly causing weak impact of the breaker and even damaging key components in the accumulator.

4. Precautions

• Use a professional pressure gauge to monitor the nitrogen pressure during charging to ensure it stays within the normal range.

• Regularly check the nitrogen pressure in the accumulator and replenish it promptly if insufficient.

• Pay attention to the working status of the hydraulic breaker during use. If abnormalities such as weak impact are detected, inspect and address the issue immediately.

In summary, nitrogen charging for hydraulic breakers is to ensure the accumulator is filled with an appropriate amount of nitrogen, thereby amplifying impact energy and enhancing crushing efficiency. During the charging process, the nitrogen volume must be strictly controlled, and relevant operating procedures and safety requirements must be followed.

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